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1822 appsData & Calculators: Physics Calculators
Calculator · CalculateCell EMF, Terminal Voltage & Internal ResistanceRelate a cell’s ideal EMF, internal resistance and a positive resistive load during discharge.Calculator · CalculateCentrifuge RPM & Relative Force from Rotor RadiusConvert between RPM and relative centrifugal force using the entered rotor radius and the conventional rounded coefficient.Calculator · CalculateCharge Magnitude to Equivalent Excess ElectronsConvert a nonnegative charge magnitude to an equivalent electron count with eight charge units, sixty count scales and the exact elementary-charge default.Calculator · CalculateCharge, Voltage & Electric Potential EnergyConvert charge and electric potential difference into signed potential-energy change, in electron-volts or joules.Calculator · CalculateCharged Particle Acceleration in an Electric FieldCalculate charged particle acceleration in an electric field with compatible units, known-value inputs and clearly stated model assumptions.Calculator · CalculateCircuit Resistance and Material Resistivity from Ohmic FieldsRecover component resistance from positive circuit measurements, and separately recover material resistivity from electric field and current density, with preserved inverse controls.Calculator · CalculateCircular Aperture Rayleigh ResolutionEstimate the small-angle diffraction limit from wavelength and an ideal circular aperture diameter.Calculator · CalculateCircular Motion: Period, Speed & Inward AccelerationRelate period, cycle frequency and angular rate, or add radius to calculate tangential speed and centripetal acceleration.Calculator · CalculateCircular Shaft Twist from Torque & Torsional RigidityCalculate elastic twist of a uniform circular shaft using torque, length, polar second moment of area and shear modulus, including reverse inputs.Calculator · CalculateCircular-Motion Force, Acceleration & Angular SpeedSolve circular-motion relationships for force, acceleration, speed, radius or mass, with angular-speed unit conversion.Calculator · CalculateClassical Kinetic Energy from Mass & SpeedCalculate translational kinetic energy, mass or the nonnegative speed corresponding to an entered energy.Calculator · CalculateClassical Mobility, Diffusion and Carrier ChargeRelate diffusion coefficient, electrical mobility, absolute temperature and positive carrier-charge magnitude using the classical Einstein relation and exact SI Boltzmann constant.Calculator · CalculateClosed-Surface Electric Flux from Enclosed ChargeRelate positive enclosed charge, total electric flux and the permittivity parameter, retaining charge units, two flux units and an editable locked vacuum default.Calculator · CalculateCompression Bulk Modulus & Volume StrainCalculate positive bulk modulus from a pressure increase and a negative volume change, retaining signed compressive strain.Calculator · CalculateCompton Photon Scattering Wavelength ShiftCalculate compton photon scattering wavelength shift with compatible units, known-value inputs and clearly stated model assumptions.Calculator · CalculateConical Heap Slope Angle, Height & RadiusRelate height and radius of an ideal conical heap to slope angle and a simple friction-equivalent ratio.Calculator · CalculateConstant-Pressure Gas Volume, Temperature and AmountRelate two positive ideal-gas states with fixed pressure and amount, preserve editable units and inverse controls, and calculate optional amount through the initial state.Calculator · CalculateConstant-Temperature Gas Pressure, Volume and AmountRelate absolute pressures and volumes at fixed temperature, preserve unit and inverse controls, and calculate the read-only amount from the initial state.Calculator · CalculateCooling Capacity: BTU/h, Watts and Refrigeration TonsConvert positive heat-removal capacity between International Table BTUs per hour, watts with metric prefixes, and refrigeration tons using exact unit relationships.Calculator · CalculateCritical Damping & Natural FrequencyFind critical viscous damping, mass, stiffness and the undamped natural frequency of a linear spring–mass system.Calculator · CalculateCube Mass, Density, Volume and Diagonal MeasurementsRelate a positive cube mass and density to its volume, edge, face diagonal and space diagonal while retaining every unit selector.Calculator · CalculateCylinder Mass, Density, Radius & HeightSolve density and mass from volume, or reveal cylinder dimensions to calculate volume from radius and height.Calculator · CalculateDC Voltage–Current Power & Resistance RatioCalculate signed DC power and the voltage-to-current ratio at a nonzero operating point.Calculator · CalculateDecibel Gain from Power or Voltage RatiosConvert positive power ratios and positive voltage-magnitude ratios to independent decibel gains.Calculator · CalculateDensity from Mass & Rectangular DimensionsFind density from positive mass and volume, or derive a rectangular solid’s volume from its three dimensions, with reverse calculations and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateDensity from Volume & Known MassFind density from positive mass and volume, or derive a rectangular solid’s volume from its three dimensions, with reverse calculations and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateDensity, Mass, Volume & Box DimensionsSolve average density, mass or volume, with optional length, width and height for a rectangular solid.Calculator · CalculateDielectric Brewster Angle & Index RatioCalculate Brewster angle or either positive refractive index for an ideal dielectric interface.Calculator · CalculateDisplaced Fluid, Buoyant Force & MassSolve buoyant force, displaced fluid mass or displaced volume using fluid density and local gravity.Calculator · CalculateDrag-Based Ballistic Mass to AreaFind the drag-based mass-to-area coefficient, or solve for mass, reference area or drag coefficient using consistent SI or customary units.Calculator · CalculateDrivetrain Crawl Ratio & Gear Tooth RatioMultiply transmission, transfer-case and axle ratios, and calculate a separate axle ratio from ring and pinion tooth counts.Calculator · CalculateDynamic & Kinematic Viscosity with DensityConvert between positive dynamic and kinematic viscosity using mass density at the same fluid conditions.Calculator · CalculateElastic Solid Shear Wave SpeedRelate shear modulus, density and shear wave speed in a homogeneous linear elastic solid.Calculator · CalculateElectrical Conductivity & Resistivity ConverterConvert electrical conductivity and resistivity in either direction, with selectable material examples and custom values.Calculator · CalculateEnergy Transition Gap and Photon FrequencyConvert an energy-level gap to photon frequency, or recover either signed energy level, using exact Planck conversion and independent energy units.Calculator · CalculateEnergy-Based Capacitance, Voltage and Stored EnergySolve ideal capacitance, voltage magnitude or stored electrical energy with editable results, joule and watt-hour units, and farad prefixes.Calculator · CalculateEngine Bore, Stroke & Swept VolumeFind total swept displacement from a common cylinder bore, stroke and positive whole-cylinder count.Calculator · CalculateEngine Torque, Displacement & BMEPCalculate brake mean effective pressure from torque, total swept displacement and crankshaft revolutions per cycle.Calculator · CalculateEngineering Length Strain & Entered Threshold ComparisonCalculate engineering strain from original and final length and compare it with an explicitly illustrative or custom threshold.Calculator · CalculateF-Number, Entrance Pupil Diameter & AreaRelate focal length, f-number and the diameter and area of an ideal circular entrance pupil.Calculator · CalculateFan Airflow, Pressure Rise and DC Input PowerBalance fan air power, volumetric flow per minute and pressure rise with DC voltage, current and overall efficiency; solve any unknown using selectable units.Calculator · CalculateFirst-Order RC & RL Corner FrequencyFind the ideal first-order corner frequency for a selected RC or RL circuit model.Calculator · CalculateFlash-to-Thunder Delay and Distance EstimateEstimate lightning sound-path distance from the measured flash-to-thunder delay and an editable positive sound speed.Calculator · CalculateFluid Depth & Hydrostatic Absolute PressureCalculate absolute pressure at depth from fluid density, gravity and surface pressure, with reverse solutions and density presets.Calculator · CalculateFluid Drag Force, Coefficient & AreaCalculate positive drag force from fluid density, relative speed, drag coefficient and its matching reference area.Calculator · CalculateForce, Radius & Angle Torque MagnitudeCalculate the magnitude of a single force’s torque about a pivot, including its direction angle.Calculator · CalculateFour-Stroke Engine Airflow DemandEstimate four-stroke engine airflow from displacement, RPM and volumetric efficiency, or recover a missing quantity in SI and customary units.Calculator · CalculateFree-Fall Arrival Velocity, Drop Distance & TimeSolve the downward displacement, elapsed time and initial velocity of an ideal fall under constant gravity, preserving reverse inputs and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateFree-Fall Distance from Time, Initial Speed & GravitySolve the downward displacement, elapsed time and initial velocity of an ideal fall under constant gravity, preserving reverse inputs and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateFree-Fall Height & Time with Initial VelocitySolve the downward displacement, elapsed time and initial velocity of an ideal fall under constant gravity, preserving reverse inputs and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateFree-Fall Time from Drop Distance & Initial VelocitySolve the downward displacement, elapsed time and initial velocity of an ideal fall under constant gravity, preserving reverse inputs and unit choices.Calculator · CalculateFrequency from Wavelength & Wave SpeedConvert between wavelength and frequency using a medium preset or your own positive phase speed.Calculator · CalculateFrequency Prefix Conversion in HertzCalculate frequency prefix conversion in hertz with compatible units, known-value inputs and clearly stated model assumptions.Calculator · CalculateFriction Coefficient & Normal ForceCalculate μN for kinetic friction or a maximum static-friction estimate using a supplied coefficient.Calculator · CalculateFriction Force from Contact Load & CoefficientFind kinetic friction or the limiting static friction from a coefficient and the normal contact force.Calculator · CalculateFriction, Normal Force & CoefficientRelate sliding friction or limiting static friction to normal force and a nonnegative friction coefficient.Calculator · CalculateFull Circular Pipe Flow & Mean VelocityRelate volumetric flow rate, inside pipe diameter and cross-sectional mean speed for a full circular pipe.Calculator · CalculateGas Compressibility Factor and Missing State ValuesCalculate positive compressibility factor from measured gas-state quantities, or recover a supported missing quantity with a known positive factor.Calculator · CalculateGas Volume & Amount at Constant Temperature and PressureUse Avogadro’s relation to calculate one gas volume or amount from the other three positive values.Calculator · CalculateGear Speed Reduction & Reciprocal MultiplierFind the tooth ratio, output speed and reciprocal speed multiplier for a compatible gear pair.Calculator · CalculateGear Teeth Ratio & Output RPMCalculate a gear ratio from tooth counts and convert between input and output rotation rates.Calculator · CalculateGear Tooth Count, Pitch Diameter & ModuleRelate positive whole tooth count, pitch-circle diameter, tooth density and gear module.Calculator · CalculateGrams & Cubic Centimeters by DensityConvert between mass in grams and volume in cubic centimeters using the density you supply.Calculator · CalculateGravitational Potential Energy from Reference HeightRelate mass and signed height to gravitational potential energy in a uniform gravitational field.Calculator · CalculateGravity from Mass & Center DistanceRelate gravitational acceleration, source mass and distance from its center using Newton’s inverse-square model.Calculator · CalculateHorizontal Coriolis Force, Acceleration and Signed LatitudeEvaluate a signed horizontal Coriolis scalar for a moving mass, with editable frame rotation, latitude, acceleration, unit selectors and supported inverses.Calculator · CalculateHubble Rate, Distance and Cosmic Recession SpeedRelate an assumed Hubble rate, positive proper distance and cosmic recession speed, with signed rates, zero-case handling and independent speed/distance units.Calculator · CalculateHydraulic Head Difference & GradientFind the signed head drop per unit distance between two points sharing a hydraulic-head datum.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Boost Converter Duty Cycle and Ripple InductanceCalculate ideal boost converter duty cycle and ripple inductance using known measurements, selectable units and clear physical assumptions.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Broad-Crested Weir Head, Width & FlowEstimate ideal rectangular broad-crested weir discharge from upstream head, transverse crest width and gravity.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Buck Converter Duty Cycle and Ripple InductanceCalculate ideal buck converter duty cycle and ripple inductance using known measurements, selectable units and clear physical assumptions.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Gas Molecular Root Mean Square SpeedFind molecular RMS speed from absolute temperature and molar mass, with retained gas presets, custom mass and reviewed hydrogen and water values.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Gas Pressure from State & MolesFind ideal-gas pressure from the pressure-volume-temperature relation, with optional gas mass and molar mass to determine moles.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Gas Pressure, Volume, Amount and Gas MassCalculate ideal gas pressure, volume, amount and gas mass using known measurements, selectable units and clear physical assumptions.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Gas Temperature from State & MolesFind ideal-gas temperature from the pressure-volume-temperature relation, with optional gas mass and molar mass to determine moles.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Gas Volume from State & MolesFind ideal-gas volume from the pressure-volume-temperature relation, with optional gas mass and molar mass to determine moles.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Heat Engine Carnot EfficiencyFind the reversible heat-engine efficiency limit between two reservoir temperatures, using absolute temperature internally.Calculator · CalculateIdeal LC Natural Resonance FrequencyCalculate the natural frequency of an ideal inductor-capacitor model and solve for either component.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Lever Force, Arms & Mechanical AdvantageBalance ideal lever moments and calculate force ratio from perpendicular effort and load arms.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Piston Pressure, Bore & ForceCalculate ideal piston force from positive pressure difference and a full circular bore area.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Rocket Delta-v from Exhaust Speed & Mass RatioRelate ideal velocity change to effective exhaust speed and initial/final mass using the Tsiolkovsky equation, with all four inverse paths.Calculator · CalculateIdeal Transformer Turns, Voltage & Current RatioExplore ideal transformer voltage and load-current magnitudes from a positive turns ratio.Calculator · CalculateIdeal-Gas Density, Pressure & Molar MassRelate ideal-gas density to absolute pressure, absolute temperature and molar mass, with paired mass and mole units.Calculator · CalculateIlluminance in Lux & Foot-CandlesConvert nonnegative illuminance between lumens per square meter and lumens per square foot.Calculator · CalculateInductor Current & Stored Magnetic EnergyCalculate stored energy in a linear ideal inductor from positive inductance and signed current.Calculator · CalculateInductor Reactance & Susceptance MagnitudeCalculate ideal inductive-reactance magnitude and its reciprocal at a positive frequency.Calculator · CalculateInsertion Loss from Power or Equal-Impedance VoltageCalculate insertion loss from power or equal-impedance voltage using known measurements, selectable units and clear physical assumptions.Calculator · CalculateInverting Buck-Boost Duty Cycle from Output MagnitudeCalculate inverting buck-boost duty cycle from output magnitude using known measurements, selectable units and clear physical assumptions.Calculator · CalculateKilogram-Force, Newtons & Force UnitsConvert kilogram-force, newtons and other force units using standard gravity and exact unit definitions.Calculator · CalculateKnudsen Number from Mean Free Path & LengthCalculate the dimensionless ratio of molecular mean free path to a chosen characteristic length, with inverse calculations.Calculator · CalculateLift Force & Flow CoefficientRelate positive lift force to fluid density, flow speed, reference area and dimensionless lift coefficient.Calculator · CalculateLight Travel Time & DistanceConvert propagation time and distance at vacuum light speed or a supplied positive speed up to that limit.Calculator · CalculateLight Travel Time & Distance in Julian YearsConvert travel time to distance using the vacuum speed of light or a lower positive propagation speed, with astronomical units.Calculator · CalculateLinear Momentum Components & Vector MagnitudeCalculate one-dimensional momentum or three Cartesian momentum components and magnitudes from positive mass and signed velocities.Calculator · CalculateLinear Spring Restoring Force & DisplacementCalculate the signed restoring force of an ideal passive spring from its stiffness and change in length.Calculator · CalculateLinear Spring Stored EnergyCalculate elastic energy in an ideal linear spring from its stiffness and signed displacement from equilibrium.